RIO DE JANEIRO (AP) 鈥�
Brazil麓s President-elect Luiz In谩cio Lula da Silva announced Thursday that Amazon activist Marina Silva will be the country麓s next minister of environment. The announcement indicates the new administration will prioritize cracking down on illegal deforestation in the forest even if it means running afoul of powerful agribusiness interests.
Both attended the recent U.N. climate conference in Egypt, where Lula promised cheering crowds , the world's largest rainforest and a key to fighting climate change, by 2030. 鈥淭here will be no climate security if the Amazon isn't protected,鈥� he said.
Silva told the news network Globo TV shortly after the announcement that the name of the ministry she will lead will be changed to the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change.
Many agribusiness players and associated lawmakers resent Silva. That stems from her time as environment minister during most of Lula's prior presidency, from 2003 to 2010.
Lula also named Sonia Guajajara, an Indigenous woman, as Brazil鈥檚 first minister of Indigenous peoples, and Carlos F谩varo, a soybean producer, as agriculture minister.
Silva was born in the Amazon and worked as a rubber tapper as an adolescent. As environment minister she oversaw the creation of dozens of conservation areas and a sophisticated strategy against deforestation with major operations against environmental criminals and new satellite surveillance. She also helped design the largest international effort to preserve the rainforest, the mostly Norway-backed Amazon Fund. Deforestation dropped dramatically.
But Lula and Silva fell out as he began catering to farmers during his second term and Silva resigned in 2008.
Lula appears to have convinced her that he has changed tack, and she after he embraced her proposals for preservation.
鈥淏razil will return to the protagonist role it previously had when it comes to climate, to biodiversity,鈥� Silva told reporters during her own appearance at the U.N. summit.
This would be a sharp turnabout from the policies of the outgoing president, Jair Bolsonaro, who pushed for development in the Amazon and whose environment minister resigned after whether he was aiding the export of illegally cut timber.
Bolsonaro froze the creation of protected areas, weakened environmental agencies and placed forest management under control of the agriculture ministry. He also championed agribusiness, which opposes the creation of protected areas such as Indigenous territories and pushes for the legalization of land grabbing. Deforestation in Brazil鈥檚 Amazon reached a 15-year high in the year ending in July 2021, though the in the following 12 months.
In Egypt, Lula committed to prosecuting all crimes in the forest, from illegal logging to mining. He also said he would press rich countries to make good on promises to help developing nations adapt to climate change. And he pledged to work with other nations home to large tropical forests 鈥� the Congo and Indonesia 鈥� in what could be coordinated negotiating positions on forest management and biodiversity protection.
As environment minister, Silva would be charged with carrying out much of that agenda.
Silva is also likely to face resistance from Congress, where the farm caucus next year will account for more than one-third of the Lower House and Senate.
Two lawmakers allied with Lula who come from the nation鈥檚 agriculture sector told The Associated Press before the announcements they disagree with Silva鈥檚 nomination given the conflict of her prior tenure. They spoke on condition of anonymity due to fear of reprisals.
Others were more hopeful. Neri Geller, a lawmaker of the agribusiness caucus who acted as a bridge to Lula during the campaign, said things had changed since Silva's departure in 2008.
鈥淎t the time, Marina Silva was perhaps a little too extremist, but people from the agro sector also had some extremists," he said, also citing a strengthened legal framework around environmental protection. 鈥淚 think she matured and we matured. We can make progress on important agenda items for the sector while preserving (the environment) at the same time."
Silva and Brazil stand to benefit from a rejuvenated Amazon Fund, which took a hit in 2019 when Norway and Germany froze new cash transfers after Bolsonaro excluded state governments and civil society from decision-making. The Norwegian Embassy in Brazil praised 鈥渢he clear signals鈥� from Lula about addressing deforestation.
鈥淲e think the Amazon Fund can be opened quickly to support the government鈥檚 action plan once the Brazilian government reinstates the governing structure of the fund,鈥� the embassy said in a statement to the AP.
The split between Lula and Marina in his last administration came as the president was increasingly kowtowing to agribusiness, encouraged by voracious demand for soy from China. Tension within the administration grew when Mato Grosso state鈥檚 Gov. Blairo Maggi, one of the world鈥檚 largest soybean producers, and others lobbied against some of the anti-deforestation measures.
Lula and Silva were also at odds over the mammoth Belo Monte Dam, a project that displaced some 40,000 people and dried up stretches of the Xingu River that Indigenous and other communities depended upon for fish. Silva opposed the project; Lula said it was necessary to meet the nation鈥檚 growing energy needs and hasn鈥檛 expressed any regret since, despite the plant鈥檚 impact and the fact it is generating far below installed capacity.
After Silva resigned, she quit Lula鈥檚 Workers鈥� Party and became a fierce critic of him and his successor, Dilma Rousseff. Silva and Lula didn鈥檛 begin to reconcile until this year鈥檚 presidential campaign, finding common cause in defeating Bolsonaro, whom they deemed an environmental villain and would-be authoritarian.
Caetano Scannavino, coordinator of Health and Happiness, an Amazon nonprofit that supports sustainable projects, said Silva 鈥済rew to become someone larger than only an environment minister.鈥�
鈥淭his is important, as the challenges in the environmental area are even greater than two decades ago,鈥� Scannavino said, citing growing criminal activities in the Amazon and increasing pressure from agribusiness eager to export to China and Europe. "Silva鈥檚 success is Brazil鈥檚 success in the world, too. She deserves all support.鈥�
___
AP writer Carla Bridi contributed from Brasilia and Diane Jeantet from Rio de Janeiro.
___
Associated Press climate and environmental coverage receives support from several private foundations. See more about AP鈥檚 climate initiative . The AP is solely responsible for all content.
Fabiano Maisonnave, The Associated Press
