BEIJING (AP) 鈥� She is an exceptional athlete who has already won medals in the Beijing Olympics. But the fascination 鈥� some might say obsession 鈥� with Eileen Gu's origin story has threatened to overshadow anything she does on the slopes.
As the freestyle skier chases gold in the mountains northwest of Beijing, some competing narratives about her have taken hold, from California to China.
Some have the San Francisco native skiing for the Chinese team to secure more lucrative endorsements. In others, she has betrayed the United States, where she was born and grew up, to ski for China, her mother's native country.
And a third: She was way too young to have made the decision to 鈥渁bandon鈥� the United States for China, where a single misstep could lead a repressive government to restrict her movement or her speech.
The frenzy to 鈥渆xplain鈥� Gu鈥檚 choice reflects biases and misunderstandings in the United States about Asian American identity. The stories about Eileen Gu are as much about the people telling them as they are about the athlete herself.
For her part, the 18-year-old athlete has said repeatedly that she was raised by two strong women 鈥� her mother and maternal grandmother 鈥� and she wanted to inspire girls in China, where there are few female role models in sports.
She has genuinely strong connections to China, just like many others in the Chinese diaspora who are taking advantage of opportunities and resources both in the Western countries where they grew up and in an increasingly wealthy mainland China.
鈥淲hat she represents is a new trend,鈥� says Yinan He, an associate professor of international relations at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 鈥渟imply because China has become so wealthy and powerful and attractive and generating opportunities not available to immigrants here.鈥�
Gu is particularly well placed to take advantage of these opportunities.
As engineers retired from Chinese government ministries, her grandparents were part of the professional elite. Her mother, Yan Gu, 58, left China in the 1980s to pursue graduate studies in the U.S. and now works as a private investor with a focus on China, according to LinkedIn. Her father has never been publicly identified.
Gu had an upper middle-class upbringing and private school education in the United States, and she says she鈥檚 equally comfortable in both countries.
In 2019, according to the IOC, she became a Chinese national, but her full citizenship picture remains unclear. Gu has sidestepped questions about whether she gave up her U.S. passport, and China does not recognize dual citizenship.
Gu has consistently refused to choose one country or the other. As she has written on Instagram, dichotomy is her favorite word. And she told the Olympic Channel in 2020: 鈥淲hen I鈥檓 in China, I鈥檓 Chinese. When I鈥檓 in the U.S., I鈥檓 American.鈥�
Many immigrants and their children feel this duality. Few are allowed to live it.
Nonwhite immigrants and their descendants, in particular, face the double bind of being required to completely assimilate in order to be considered American, but also butting up against racist notions that prevent them from being accepted as truly American.
鈥淧art of the Eileen Gu perplexity is that the West is seen as superior and the East is seen as inferior. So why would she want to represent China?鈥� says Russell Jeung, an Asian American Studies professor at San Francisco State University, who has tracked the rise of hate incidents against Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. during the pandemic.
鈥淚t鈥檚 sort of ironic because in half our cases, people use anti-Chinese rhetoric and are telling us to go back home. They鈥檙e telling us, 鈥榊ou don鈥檛 belong here. We don鈥檛 accept you.鈥� And then this is sort of the opposite: 鈥榃hy aren鈥檛 you representing your home?鈥�" he says. 鈥淎nd so we lose either way.鈥�
It turns out that, in a world where elite athletes increasingly cross borders to compete, Gu is
No one thinks twice about a Senegalese winger in the English Premier League or a Japanese pitcher in Major League Baseball. At the Olympics, nation-shopping is fairly common: in Beijing is primarily made up of North Americans, many of whom had no connection to the country until they were recruited to ensure the home team didn鈥檛 get blown out.
has also come a long way.
In 1998, cable news network MSNBC used the headline 鈥淎merican beats out Kwan鈥� to describe Tara Lipinski鈥檚 win over Michelle Kwan. Both figure skaters were born in the United States.
Today, Gu is also just one of many Asian Americans whose family immigration tales are on display at the Beijing Olympics.
Nathan Chen, who won a gold for the U.S. in figure skating, was born in Utah to immigrants from China. Snowboarder Chloe Kim, who won her second gold for the U.S. in the women鈥檚 halfpipe, was born in California to Korean immigrants. U.S. figure skater Alysa Liu is the daughter of a man who left China in his 20s as a political refugee because he had protested the Communist government.
So what makes Gu the subject of such intense fascination? She is perhaps a perfect storm of elements.
Unlike many athletes who change countries to compete, Gu could have easily skied for the U.S. team 鈥� and that perhaps heightens the feeling of betrayal. Her modeling work with global brands from Louis Vuitton to Victoria's Secret makes her more visible than other athletes.
鈥淪he gets a lot of attention because of that, because there is always that focus on femininity and appearance for female athletes,鈥� says Robert Hayashi, a professor at Amherst College who specializes in Asian American history and sports studies.
That fascination is evident from the gross tonnage of social media commentary she attracts in both countries.
A recent Instagram post showing her on the medal stand following her gold medal-winning performance in the Big Air competition garnered 402,000 likes and 51,000 comments. And China's Twitter-like Sina Weibo said its servers were briefly with adoration for the champion following her win.
But there can be a dark side. Critics in China have chided Gu for failing to use her platform to advocate for internet freedom in a country that tightly restricts access for its citizens. On Tuesday, she largely dodged a reporter's question about whether she compromised by choosing China, saying she uses her voice as much as she can.
And of course pundits in the U.S. have attacked her for competing for China, often in terms that further the persistent, racist othering of Asian Americans.
鈥淩ight now Eileen is a hot commodity in China, and just treated as 鈥楥hinese鈥� by the media and many of her fans," says Rui Ma, founder of the San Francisco-based investment consulting firm Tech Buzz, who immigrated from China to the U.S. as a child in 1989.
"We鈥檒l see if her stance ... will be fully accepted there over the long run,鈥� she says. 鈥淚t certainly doesn鈥檛 seem to be accepted by many Americans at the moment.鈥�
Gu also represents how dramatically migration from China to America has changed.
鈥淭he profile of the Chinese population here is qualitatively different from many other immigrant groups,鈥� says Jeanne Batalova, senior policy analyst at the Migration Policy Institute in Washington, D.C. 鈥淭hey鈥檙e highly educated, they work in in-demand jobs and many come with substantial amounts of finances that they invest here."
While many continue to move to the U.S. for low-wage jobs, they鈥檙e increasingly being outpaced by migrants with flexibility and the money to spend summers in China and maintain regular contact with family at home.
They are more likely to be bicultural, openly embracing their heritage unlike earlier generations who were told 鈥� and believed 鈥� that integration was their ticket to acceptance.
鈥淭here are benefits to being Chinese and engaging with China, the country and the culture,鈥� Ma says.
Scott Kennedy, senior adviser and expert on China at the Center for Strategic & International Studies in Washington, DC, says Gu's story shows that the complexities of the globalized world don鈥檛 always line up neatly with geopolitical lenses.
鈥淗er story speaks to the benefits, the value, the opportunities that come from an interconnected world,鈥� he says. 鈥淗er gold medal may be placed in China鈥檚 column. But her success is a global success.鈥�
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Har reported from San Francisco. AP News Researcher Rhonda Shafner in New York, AP writer Joe McDonald in Beijing, and AP National Writer Eddie Pells in Zhangjiakou, China, contributed to this report.
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Janie Har And Sarah Dilorenzo, The Associated Press
